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<h3 id="title" class="align-center">Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes</h3>
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<h1 class="banner-text" id="banner-txt">Plant and Animals Reproduction System</h1>
<h3 class="banner-text" id="banner-txt">Chapter 2</h3>
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<div class="chip"><span>❓ Unchecked</span></div>
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<h1 id="definition">Definition</h1>
<p>Reproduction is a biological process for organisms in order to preserve its kind.</p>
<h1 id="methods">How Organisms Reproduce</h1>
<p>Reproduction in organisms are divided into 2, vegetative and generative reproduction.</p>
<h2 id="vegetative">Vegetative Reproduction</h2>
<p>A vegetative reproduction is any form of reproduction that don't preceded by the male and female sex cells.</p>
<h3 id="methods--division">Fragmentation</h3>
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<p class="subtitle">Fragmentation on planaria. Source: <a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-10/how-do-organism-reproduce/fragmentation/" class="link">classnotes.org.in</a></p>
<p>Division is a reproduction method by dividing itself, usually done by single-celled organisms (protozoa) such as amoebas and paramecium.</p>
<h3 id="methods--spore">Spore</h3>
<p>Spore is a reproduction method done by some plants such as moss, fungi, and ferns. </p>
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<p class="subtitle">Fern Metagenesis. Source: <a href="https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2021/06/15/145723469/metagenesis-tumbuhan-paku-pengertian-skema-dan-jenisnya?page=all" class="link">Kompas.com</a></p>
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<p class="subtitle">Moss Metagenesis. Source: <a href="https://roboguru.ruangguru.com/question/buatlah-bagan-metagenesis-lumut_QU-1N6PMRL7" class="link">roboguru.ruangguru.com</a></p>
<h3 id="methods--bud">Buds / Shoots</h3>
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<p class="subtitle">Budding on a hydra. Source: <a href="https://eschooltoday.com/learn/buddin/" class="link">eschooltoday.com</a></p>
<p>A bud is the base of stem on a plant such as hydras, or bananas (for higher and more complex organisms) that will develop into other organs.</p>
<p>Adventitious buds is a wild bud that doesn't grow on the stem, but grows on the side of the leaves or roots, such as <i>Kalanchoe pinnata</i>.</p>
<h3 id="methods--bud">Stolon</h3>
<p>Stolon is a stem that spreads over the land surface. Plants that reproduce this ways are <i>Cyperus rotundus</i>, <i>Centella asiatica</i>, and more.</p>
<h3 id="methods--rhyzome">Rhizome</h3>
<p>Rhizomes are stems that grow under or on the soil, such as ginger, tumeric, curcuma, and more.</p>
<h2 id="methods--generative">Generative Reproduction</h2>
<p>Generative reproduction is a form of reproduction that invovles the meeting of a male and female sex cells (sperm and ovum), or mating. Organisms that reproduce generatively are: humans, flowering plants, mammals, and many more.<br>In plants, there are 2 types of pollination, which is self-pollination (<span title="Pollen transferred to the same organism." style="border-bottom: 1px dotted black; cursor: help;">autogamy</span>, and <span title="Pollen transferred to a different organism." style="border-bottom: 1px dotted black; cursor: help;">geitonogamy</span>), and cross-pollination.</p>
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