From fa0321fbf1fb90b98cadf4300b6e48c87d8fd871 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: altaf-creator Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 13:04:58 +0700 Subject: Lock physics --- lessons/fisika/atom/atom.html | 133 ------------- lessons/fisika/atom/electron-config.html | 221 --------------------- lessons/fisika/index.html | 67 ------- lessons/fisika/locked.html | 62 ++++++ lessons/fisika/static-electricity/coulomb.html | 193 ------------------ lessons/fisika/static-electricity/id-coulomb.html | 193 ------------------ lessons/fisika/static-electricity/id-theory.html | 145 -------------- lessons/fisika/static-electricity/theory.html | 144 -------------- lessons/fisikaa/atom/atom.html | 133 +++++++++++++ lessons/fisikaa/atom/electron-config.html | 221 +++++++++++++++++++++ lessons/fisikaa/index.html | 67 +++++++ lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/coulomb.html | 193 ++++++++++++++++++ lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-coulomb.html | 193 ++++++++++++++++++ lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-theory.html | 145 ++++++++++++++ lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/theory.html | 144 ++++++++++++++ 15 files changed, 1158 insertions(+), 1096 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 lessons/fisika/atom/atom.html delete mode 100644 lessons/fisika/atom/electron-config.html delete mode 100644 lessons/fisika/index.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisika/locked.html delete mode 100644 lessons/fisika/static-electricity/coulomb.html delete mode 100644 lessons/fisika/static-electricity/id-coulomb.html delete mode 100644 lessons/fisika/static-electricity/id-theory.html delete mode 100644 lessons/fisika/static-electricity/theory.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisikaa/atom/atom.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisikaa/atom/electron-config.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisikaa/index.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/coulomb.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-coulomb.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-theory.html create mode 100644 lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/theory.html (limited to 'lessons') diff --git a/lessons/fisika/atom/atom.html b/lessons/fisika/atom/atom.html deleted file mode 100644 index ef70b0b..0000000 --- a/lessons/fisika/atom/atom.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes - - - - - - - - -

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Parts of An Atom

artist's representation of an atom. Bohr's Model. Colors may be labelled different.

Symbol of An Atom

(picture on the left) An example of an atom symbol, (picture on the right) The format of - an atom symbol (FOR INDONESIA)

Determining the number of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons

Protons and Electrons

If not electrically charged (will be discussed later), the proton and electron number will be the same as - the atom number.

Neutrons

Neutrons can be determined by using this following formula:
- Atomic Mass - Atomic Number = Neutron Number -

Examples

- Proton: 11
- Electron: 11
- Neutron: 23 - 11 = 12 -

- Proton: 6
- Electron: 6
- Neutron: 12 - 6 = 6 -

Ions

- Electron count will be added or subtracted by ion charge.
- If the ion charge is positive (cation / kation), subtract the electron count.
- If the ion charge is negative (anion), add the electron count. For example: -

- Proton: 6
- Electron: 6 + 4 = 10
- Neutron: 12 - 6 = 6 -

- Proton: 6
- Electron: 6 - 2 = 4
- Neutron: 24 - 12 = 12 -

- -

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Electron Configuration

Sub-Shell and Maximum Electron

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Sub-Shell	Maximum Electron
s	2
p	6
d	10
f	14

How to Read / Order

Start from the top-most arrow
Follow the direction of the arrow. For example;

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s

Exponent the electron with maximum number of sub-shell until the total of exponents is equals to - Atom Number.
If the total is more than Atom Number, subtract the the last electron's exponent to make the total - equals to the atom number.

Examples

- 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p² -

- 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, - 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p³ -

Electron Configuration Based on Shell

an atom figure with shell labels (Oxygen)

Electron Count Rules

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Shell K	Write 2 if electron ≥ 2
Shell K	Write 1 if electron < 2 (only for Hydrogen)
Shell L	Write 8 if electron ≥ 8
Shell L	Write leftover electrons if electron < 8
Shell M	Write 18 if electron ≥ 18
	Write 8 if 8 ≥ electron < 18
	Write leftover electrons if electron < 8
Shell N	Write 32 if electron ≥ 32
	Write 18 if 18 ≥ electron < 32
	Write 8 if 8 ≥ electron < 18
	Write leftover electrons if electron < 8

How to Determine Electron Count

Follow the rules
If the electrons (aka atomic number) = 0, you're done.

Examples

- - - - - - - - - - -

	K -	L -	M -	N -
	2	4

-
- - - - - - - - - - -

	K -	L -	M -	N -
	2	8	2

-
- - - - - - - - - - -

	K -	L -	M -	N -
	2	8	18	5

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- - - - -

Chapter 1 - Atoms & Molecules

Atom: Introduction

Electron Configuration

Chapter 2 - Static Electricity

Lesson 1: Coulomb's Law

Lesson 2: Static Electricity Theory - Electroscope and Electric Field

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+ + +

+ + + + +

This lesson is locked.

+ + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lessons/fisika/static-electricity/coulomb.html b/lessons/fisika/static-electricity/coulomb.html deleted file mode 100644 index e7eaebf..0000000 --- a/lessons/fisika/static-electricity/coulomb.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,193 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes - - - - - - - - - - -

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Definition

Coulomb's law is a law that explains the releationship between 2 or more electrical charges.

This law states that: "The magnitude, or absolute value, of the attractive or repulsive electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of their charges and inversely proportional to the squared distance between them."^[1]

Formula

- F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r² -

- where,
-

F = Force (Newton)
r = Distance (Metres)
Q₁ = Charge 1 (Coulomb)
Q² = Charge 2 (Coulomb)
K = Constant = 9 × 10⁹ Nm² / C²

Unit Conversions (for Coulomb)

n mC (milliCoulomb) = n * 10^-3 C
n MC (MicroCoulomb) = n * 10^-6 C (Alternative form: μC)
n nC (nanoCoulomb) = n * 10^-9 C
n Å (Ångström) = n * 10^-10 C

Examples & Exercises

-
Find F.
-
-
Given:
-
- r = 30 cm = 0,3 m = 3 × 10^-1 m
- Q₁ = 2 MC = 2 × 10^-6
- Q₂ = 3 MC = 3 × 10^-6
-
-
Solution:
-
- F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r²
- - F = 9 × 10⁹^{2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{(3 × 10^-1)²} = ^{9 × 10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{9 × 10^-2}
- - = ^{10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_10^-2 = ^{10^-3 × 6}⁄_10^-2
- = 6 × 10^-1 -
-

-
Find F.
-
-
Given:
- -
Solution:
- -

-
If F = 9 × 10⁹, Find r.
-
-
Given:
- -
Solution:
- -

References

Coulomb, 1785. "Second mémoire sur l'électricité et le magnétisme"

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Pengertian

Hukum Coulomb adalah hukum yang menjelaskan hubungan antara dua muatan listrik.

Hukum ini menyatakan: "Apabila terdapat dua buah titik muatan maka akan timbul gaya di antara keduanya, yang besarnya sebanding dengan perkalian nilai kedua muatan dan berbanding terbalik dengan kuadrat jarak antar keduanya."^[1]

Rumus

- F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r² -

- dimana,
-

F = Gaya (Newton)
r = Jarak (Meter)
Q₁ = Muatan 1 (Coulomb)
Q² = Muatan 2 (Coulomb)
K = Konstanta Coulomb = 9 × 10⁹ Nm² / C²

Pengubahan Satuan Coulomb

n mC (milliCoulomb) = n * 10^-3 C
n MC (MicroCoulomb) = n * 10^-6 C (Bentuk alternatif: μC)
n nC (nanoCoulomb) = n * 10^-9 C
n Å (Ångström) = n * 10^-10 C

Contoh & Latihan

-
Temukan F.
-
-
Diketahui:
-
- r = 30 cm = 0,3 m = 3 × 10^-1 m
- Q₁ = 2 MC = 2 × 10^-6
- Q₂ = 3 MC = 3 × 10^-6
-
-
Cara:
-
- F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r²
- - F = 9 × 10⁹^{2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{(3 × 10^-1)²} = ^{9 × 10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{9 × 10^-2}
- - = ^{10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_10^-2 = ^{10^-3 × 6}⁄_10^-2
- = 6 × 10^-1 -
-

-
Temukan F.
-
-
Diketahui:
- -
Cara:
- -

-
Jika F = 9 × 10⁹, temukan r.
-
-
Diketahui:
- -
Cara:
- -

Referensi

Andrew Duffy, "Electric charge and Coulomb's law"

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Elektroskop

Apa itu Elektroskop?

Elektroskop merupakan sebuah alat untuk mengetahui sebuah keberadaan listrik dari suatu benda, dan / atau jenis dari muatan listrik suatu benda.

Elektroskop Netral

- Sebuah elektroskop netral. -

Sebuah elektroskop dapat menjadi netral, positif, ataupun negatif. Bagian ini menjelaskan tentang elektroskop netral. Jika sebuah benda didekatkan ke bola elektroskop, maka:

Jika objek itu bermuatan netral, tidak akan ada yang terjadi.
-
- -
Jika objek itu bermuatan positif, elektron-elektron pada elektroskop itu akan bergerak keatas (ke bolanya), dan proton-proton akan bergerak ke bawah (ke daun emas)
Hal ini menyebabkan proton-proton pada daun emas itu saling tolak-menolak, yang membuat jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar)
-
-
-
- -
Sebaliknya, jika objek itu bermuatan negatif, proton-proton pada elektroskop itu akan bergerak keatas (ke bolanya), dan elektron-elektron akan bergerak ke bawah (ke daun emas)
Hal ini menyebabkan elektron-elektron pada daun emas itu saling tolak-menolak, yang membuat jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar)
-
-

Perlu diingat bahwa elektroskop yang bersifat netral tidak dapat digunakan untuk membedakan apakah objek itu positif ataupun negatif, dikarenakan pada dunia nyata, sifat kedua daun emas akan terlihat sama antara positif maupun negatif.

Elektroskop Positif

- Sebuah elektroskop positif. -

Tipe lain dari elektroskop adalah elektroskop positif. Muatan dari elektroskop ini telah dipisahkan antara proton dan elektron menggunakan konduksi. Jika sebuah objek didekatkan ke bola elektroskop, maka:

-
- -
Jika objek itu positif, proton-proton akan bergerak kebawah (bertolakan dengan bendanya) ke daun emas.
Ini akan menyebabkan proton-proton saling tolak-menolak yang menyebabkan jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar).
-
-
-
- -
Jika objek itu negatif, lebih banyak proton akan bergerak keatas (tertarik oleh bendanya) ke bola elektroskop.
Hal ini menyebabkan proton yang lebih sedikit di daun emas, yang menyebabkan daun emas saling menguncup.
-
-

Elektroskop Negatif

- Sebuah elektroskop negatif. -

Jika sebuah benda didekatkan ke bola elektroskop, maka:

-
- -
Jika objek itu positif, elektron-elektron akan bergerak keatas (tertarik dengan bendanya) ke daun emas.
Hal ini menyebabkan elektron yang lebih sedikit di daun emas, yang menyebabkan daun emas saling menguncup.
-
-
-
- -
Jika objek itu negatif, lebih banyak elektron akan bergerak kebawah (bertolakan oleh bendanya) ke bola elektroskop.
Ini akan menyebabkan elektron-elektron saling tolak-menolak yang menyebabkan jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar)
-
-

Medan Listrik

Sebuah medan listrik adalah medan fisik yang mengelilingi sebuah muatan listrik dan mengeluarkan gaya ke semua muatan listrik disekitarnya, entah menarik ataupun menolak mereka. ^[1]

Sifat Muatan Positif dan Negatif

Sebuah proton memiliki medan listrik radial yang keluar dari posisi proton tersebut, melainkan elektron memiliki medan listrik radial yang memasuki ke dalam elektron tersebut.

Contoh

Sebuah proton dan elektron saling tarik-menarik, yang bisa dilihat dari garis medan listriknya.

-

Sebuah proton dan proton lainnya saling tolak-menolak , yang bisa dilihat dari garis medan listriknya.
-

Referensi

Browne, p 225: "... around every charge there is an aura that fills all space. This aura is the electric field due to the charge. The electric field is a vector field... and has a magnitude and direction."

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Electroscope

What is an Electroscope?

An electroscope is a scientific instrument to detect a presence of an electric charge, and / or a type of an electric charge.

Neutral Electroscope

- A neutral electroscope. -

An electroscope can be Neutral, Positive, or Negative. This part explains about a netural electroscope. If an object is brought closer to the ball:

If the object is neutral, nothing will happen.
-
- -
If the object is positively charged, the electrons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball, and the protons will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the protons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
-
-
-
- -
If the object is negatively charged, the protons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball, and the electrons will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the electrons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
-
-

An important point to mention is that a neutral electroscope cannot be used to differ between a positively charged and a negatively charged object, because in the real world, the behaviour of the golden leaves will be identical to each other.

Positive Electroscope

- A positive electroscope. -

Another type of elecroscope is a positively charged electroscope. This means that the protons of the electroscope has been seperated by the electrons with conduction. If an object has been brought closer to the ball of the electroscope:

-
- -
If the object is positively charged, more protons will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the protons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
-
-
-
- -
If the object is negatively charged, more protons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball.
These will result in less protons in the leaves that the golden leaves will become closer to each other. (see image)
-
-

Negative Electroscope

- A negative electroscope. -

If an object has been brought closer to the ball of the negative electroscope:

-
- -
If the object is positively charged, more electrons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball.
These will result in less electrons in the leaves that the golden leaves will become closer to each other. (see image)
-
-
-
- -
If the object is negatively charged, more electrons in the ball will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the electrons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
-
-

Electric Field

An electrtic field is the physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles and exerts force on all other charged particles in the field, either attracting or repelling them. ^[1]

Behaviours of Positive and Negative Charges

A proton has a radially outward electric field from the proton's position, while an electron has a radially inward electric field from its position.

Examples

A proton and electron attracting eachother which can be seen from the electric field arrows.

-

A proton and another proton repelling eachother which can be seen from the electric field arrows.
-

References

Browne, p 225: "... around every charge there is an aura that fills all space. This aura is the electric field due to the charge. The electric field is a vector field... and has a magnitude and direction."

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Parts of An Atom

artist's representation of an atom. Bohr's Model. Colors may be labelled different.

Symbol of An Atom

(picture on the left) An example of an atom symbol, (picture on the right) The format of + an atom symbol (FOR INDONESIA)

Determining the number of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons

Protons and Electrons

If not electrically charged (will be discussed later), the proton and electron number will be the same as + the atom number.

Neutrons

Neutrons can be determined by using this following formula:
+ Atomic Mass - Atomic Number = Neutron Number +

Examples

+ Proton: 11
+ Electron: 11
+ Neutron: 23 - 11 = 12 +

+ Proton: 6
+ Electron: 6
+ Neutron: 12 - 6 = 6 +

Ions

+ Electron count will be added or subtracted by ion charge.
+ If the ion charge is positive (cation / kation), subtract the electron count.
+ If the ion charge is negative (anion), add the electron count. For example: +

+ Proton: 6
+ Electron: 6 + 4 = 10
+ Neutron: 12 - 6 = 6 +

+ Proton: 6
+ Electron: 6 - 2 = 4
+ Neutron: 24 - 12 = 12 +

+ +

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Electron Configuration

Sub-Shell and Maximum Electron

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Sub-Shell	Maximum Electron
s	2
p	6
d	10
f	14

How to Read / Order

Start from the top-most arrow
Follow the direction of the arrow. For example;

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s

Exponent the electron with maximum number of sub-shell until the total of exponents is equals to + Atom Number.
If the total is more than Atom Number, subtract the the last electron's exponent to make the total + equals to the atom number.

Examples

+ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p² +

+ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, + 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p³ +

Electron Configuration Based on Shell

an atom figure with shell labels (Oxygen)

Electron Count Rules

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Shell K	Write 2 if electron ≥ 2
Shell K	Write 1 if electron < 2 (only for Hydrogen)
Shell L	Write 8 if electron ≥ 8
Shell L	Write leftover electrons if electron < 8
Shell M	Write 18 if electron ≥ 18
	Write 8 if 8 ≥ electron < 18
	Write leftover electrons if electron < 8
Shell N	Write 32 if electron ≥ 32
	Write 18 if 18 ≥ electron < 32
	Write 8 if 8 ≥ electron < 18
	Write leftover electrons if electron < 8

How to Determine Electron Count

Follow the rules
If the electrons (aka atomic number) = 0, you're done.

Examples

+ + + + + + + + + + +

	K +	L +	M +	N +
	2	4

+
+ + + + + + + + + + +

	K +	L +	M +	N +
	2	8	2

+
+ + + + + + + + + + +

	K +	L +	M +	N +
	2	8	18	5

+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lessons/fisikaa/index.html b/lessons/fisikaa/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13c6986 --- /dev/null +++ b/lessons/fisikaa/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ + + + + + + + + + Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ + + + +

Chapter 1 - Atoms & Molecules

Atom: Introduction

Electron Configuration

Chapter 2 - Static Electricity

Lesson 1: Coulomb's Law

Lesson 2: Static Electricity Theory - Electroscope and Electric Field

+ + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/coulomb.html b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/coulomb.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7eaebf --- /dev/null +++ b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/coulomb.html @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes + + + + + + + + + + +

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+ +

Definition

Coulomb's law is a law that explains the releationship between 2 or more electrical charges.

Formula

+ F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r² +

+ where,
+

F = Force (Newton)
r = Distance (Metres)
Q₁ = Charge 1 (Coulomb)
Q² = Charge 2 (Coulomb)
K = Constant = 9 × 10⁹ Nm² / C²

Unit Conversions (for Coulomb)

n mC (milliCoulomb) = n * 10^-3 C
n MC (MicroCoulomb) = n * 10^-6 C (Alternative form: μC)
n nC (nanoCoulomb) = n * 10^-9 C
n Å (Ångström) = n * 10^-10 C

Examples & Exercises

+
Find F.
+
+
Given:
+
+ r = 30 cm = 0,3 m = 3 × 10^-1 m
+ Q₁ = 2 MC = 2 × 10^-6
+ Q₂ = 3 MC = 3 × 10^-6
+
+
Solution:
+
+ F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r²
+ + F = 9 × 10⁹^{2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{(3 × 10^-1)²} = ^{9 × 10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{9 × 10^-2}
+ + = ^{10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_10^-2 = ^{10^-3 × 6}⁄_10^-2
+ = 6 × 10^-1 +
+

+
Find F.
+
+
Given:
+ +
Solution:
+ +

+
If F = 9 × 10⁹, Find r.
+
+
Given:
+ +
Solution:
+ +

References

Coulomb, 1785. "Second mémoire sur l'électricité et le magnétisme"

+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-coulomb.html b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-coulomb.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9166a3e --- /dev/null +++ b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-coulomb.html @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes + + + + + + + + + + +

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Lihat dalam Bahasa Inggris

+ +

Pengertian

Hukum Coulomb adalah hukum yang menjelaskan hubungan antara dua muatan listrik.

Rumus

+ F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r² +

+ dimana,
+

F = Gaya (Newton)
r = Jarak (Meter)
Q₁ = Muatan 1 (Coulomb)
Q² = Muatan 2 (Coulomb)
K = Konstanta Coulomb = 9 × 10⁹ Nm² / C²

Pengubahan Satuan Coulomb

n mC (milliCoulomb) = n * 10^-3 C
n MC (MicroCoulomb) = n * 10^-6 C (Bentuk alternatif: μC)
n nC (nanoCoulomb) = n * 10^-9 C
n Å (Ångström) = n * 10^-10 C

Contoh & Latihan

+
Temukan F.
+
+
Diketahui:
+
+ r = 30 cm = 0,3 m = 3 × 10^-1 m
+ Q₁ = 2 MC = 2 × 10^-6
+ Q₂ = 3 MC = 3 × 10^-6
+
+
Cara:
+
+ F = k ^{Q₁ × Q₂}⁄_r²
+ + F = 9 × 10⁹^{2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{(3 × 10^-1)²} = ^{9 × 10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_{9 × 10^-2}
+ + = ^{10⁹ ‧ 2 × 10^-6 ‧ 3 × 10^-6}⁄_10^-2 = ^{10^-3 × 6}⁄_10^-2
+ = 6 × 10^-1 +
+

+
Temukan F.
+
+
Diketahui:
+ +
Cara:
+ +

+
Jika F = 9 × 10⁹, temukan r.
+
+
Diketahui:
+ +
Cara:
+ +

Referensi

Andrew Duffy, "Electric charge and Coulomb's law"

+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-theory.html b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-theory.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b84aa66 --- /dev/null +++ b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/id-theory.html @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes + + + + + + + + + + +

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Elektroskop

Apa itu Elektroskop?

Elektroskop merupakan sebuah alat untuk mengetahui sebuah keberadaan listrik dari suatu benda, dan / atau jenis dari muatan listrik suatu benda.

Elektroskop Netral

+ Sebuah elektroskop netral. +

Sebuah elektroskop dapat menjadi netral, positif, ataupun negatif. Bagian ini menjelaskan tentang elektroskop netral. Jika sebuah benda didekatkan ke bola elektroskop, maka:

Jika objek itu bermuatan netral, tidak akan ada yang terjadi.
+
+ +
Jika objek itu bermuatan positif, elektron-elektron pada elektroskop itu akan bergerak keatas (ke bolanya), dan proton-proton akan bergerak ke bawah (ke daun emas)
Hal ini menyebabkan proton-proton pada daun emas itu saling tolak-menolak, yang membuat jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar)
+
+
+
+ +
Sebaliknya, jika objek itu bermuatan negatif, proton-proton pada elektroskop itu akan bergerak keatas (ke bolanya), dan elektron-elektron akan bergerak ke bawah (ke daun emas)
Hal ini menyebabkan elektron-elektron pada daun emas itu saling tolak-menolak, yang membuat jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar)
+
+

Elektroskop Positif

+ Sebuah elektroskop positif. +

+
+ +
Jika objek itu positif, proton-proton akan bergerak kebawah (bertolakan dengan bendanya) ke daun emas.
Ini akan menyebabkan proton-proton saling tolak-menolak yang menyebabkan jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar).
+
+
+
+ +
Jika objek itu negatif, lebih banyak proton akan bergerak keatas (tertarik oleh bendanya) ke bola elektroskop.
Hal ini menyebabkan proton yang lebih sedikit di daun emas, yang menyebabkan daun emas saling menguncup.
+
+

Elektroskop Negatif

+ Sebuah elektroskop negatif. +

Jika sebuah benda didekatkan ke bola elektroskop, maka:

+
+ +
Jika objek itu positif, elektron-elektron akan bergerak keatas (tertarik dengan bendanya) ke daun emas.
Hal ini menyebabkan elektron yang lebih sedikit di daun emas, yang menyebabkan daun emas saling menguncup.
+
+
+
+ +
Jika objek itu negatif, lebih banyak elektron akan bergerak kebawah (bertolakan oleh bendanya) ke bola elektroskop.
Ini akan menyebabkan elektron-elektron saling tolak-menolak yang menyebabkan jarak lebih antara daun emas. (Lihat gambar)
+
+

Medan Listrik

Sebuah medan listrik adalah medan fisik yang mengelilingi sebuah muatan listrik dan mengeluarkan gaya ke semua muatan listrik disekitarnya, entah menarik ataupun menolak mereka. ^[1]

Sifat Muatan Positif dan Negatif

Sebuah proton memiliki medan listrik radial yang keluar dari posisi proton tersebut, melainkan elektron memiliki medan listrik radial yang memasuki ke dalam elektron tersebut.

Contoh

Sebuah proton dan elektron saling tarik-menarik, yang bisa dilihat dari garis medan listriknya.

+

Sebuah proton dan proton lainnya saling tolak-menolak , yang bisa dilihat dari garis medan listriknya.
+

Referensi

Browne, p 225: "... around every charge there is an aura that fills all space. This aura is the electric field due to the charge. The electric field is a vector field... and has a magnitude and direction."

+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/theory.html b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/theory.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..956f7b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/lessons/fisikaa/static-electricity/theory.html @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes + + + + + + + + + + +

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+ +

Electroscope

What is an Electroscope?

An electroscope is a scientific instrument to detect a presence of an electric charge, and / or a type of an electric charge.

Neutral Electroscope

+ A neutral electroscope. +

An electroscope can be Neutral, Positive, or Negative. This part explains about a netural electroscope. If an object is brought closer to the ball:

If the object is neutral, nothing will happen.
+
+ +
If the object is positively charged, the electrons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball, and the protons will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the protons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
+
+
+
+ +
If the object is negatively charged, the protons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball, and the electrons will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the electrons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
+
+

Positive Electroscope

+ A positive electroscope. +

+
+ +
If the object is positively charged, more protons will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the protons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
+
+
+
+ +
If the object is negatively charged, more protons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball.
These will result in less protons in the leaves that the golden leaves will become closer to each other. (see image)
+
+

Negative Electroscope

+ A negative electroscope. +

If an object has been brought closer to the ball of the negative electroscope:

+
+ +
If the object is positively charged, more electrons will move upwards (attracted by the object) to the ball.
These will result in less electrons in the leaves that the golden leaves will become closer to each other. (see image)
+
+
+
+ +
If the object is negatively charged, more electrons in the ball will move downwards (repelled by the object) to the golden leaves.
These will result in the electrons repel each other that the golden leaves to seperate further. (see image)
+
+

Electric Field

An electrtic field is the physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles and exerts force on all other charged particles in the field, either attracting or repelling them. ^[1]

Behaviours of Positive and Negative Charges

A proton has a radially outward electric field from the proton's position, while an electron has a radially inward electric field from its position.

Examples

A proton and electron attracting eachother which can be seen from the electric field arrows.

+

A proton and another proton repelling eachother which can be seen from the electric field arrows.
+

References

Browne, p 225: "... around every charge there is an aura that fills all space. This aura is the electric field due to the charge. The electric field is a vector field... and has a magnitude and direction."

+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file -- cgit v1.2.3

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Atoms: An Introduction

Chapter 1

Parts of An Atom

Symbol of An Atom

Determining the number of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons

Protons and Electrons

Neutrons

Examples

Ions

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Electorn Configuration in An Atom

Chapter 1

Electron Configuration

Sub-Shell and Maximum Electron

How to Read / Order

Examples

Electron Configuration Based on Shell

Electron Count Rules

How to Determine Electron Count

Examples

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Fisika

Ayu Rezky Yulita, M.Pd.

Chapter 1 - Atoms & Molecules

Chapter 2 - Static Electricity

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Fisika

Ayu Rezky Yulita, M.Pd.

This lesson is locked.

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Coulomb's Law

Chapter 2

Definition

Formula

Unit Conversions (for Coulomb)

Examples & Exercises

Given:

Solution:

Given:

Solution:

Given:

Solution:

References

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Coulomb's Law

Chapter 2

Pengertian

Rumus

Pengubahan Satuan Coulomb

Contoh & Latihan

Diketahui:

Cara:

Diketahui:

Cara:

Diketahui:

Cara:

Referensi

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Teori Listrik Statis: Elektroskop dan Medan Listrik

Diterjemahkan ke Bahasa Indonesia

Elektroskop

Apa itu Elektroskop?

Elektroskop Netral

Elektroskop Positif

Elektroskop Negatif

Medan Listrik

Sifat Muatan Positif dan Negatif

Contoh

Referensi

Al Azhar 9th Grade Lesson Notes

Table of Contents

Static Electricity Theory: Electroscope and Electric Field